INS Tutorial.

[Nathan Ford - HJG]

HJG INS OVERVIEW

1.00:    “INTRODUCTION.”

The Inertial Navigation System, or INS as it is more commonly known, is a navigation system that computes an aircrafts position by sensing changes in pitch, roll and yaw.

These changes are sensed by three different gyroscopes in the navigation bay and the data is sent to a computer in the cockpit that updates the airplane latitude and longitude position.

That information can be sent to the autopilot to automatically steer the airplane over a preselected course as well as providing navigational information to the pilots.
When airplanes started flying over long distances, dedicated navigators would plot their position and course using a sextant in much the same way as ships,

but as the distance that airplanes could fly in one go increased, a new and more precise method was needed.

With the advent of the Jet Age came the Doppler system which uses a radar beam projected downwards to sense the airplane movement laterally (forward and to the side).

This allowed Trans Atlantic and Trans Pacific flying with far greater accuracy.
The big leap forward came when Delco Electronics invented the “Delco Carousel IV-A” INS.

For the first time, pilots could enter up to nine navigation points along their path and let the computer take care of the rest.

*IMPORTANT* This tutorial is used for entertainment purposes only and should not be used for real world procedures.

1.01:    “INS COMPONENTS.”

The Delco Carousel IV-A INS consists of four units

The NAVIGATION UNIT containing three gyroscopes used to sense the movement of the airplane.
The BATTERY UNIT to provide power to the INS when not available via the airplane systems.
The MODE SELECTOR UNIT or MSU which is mounted in the cockpit and
The CONTROL DISPLAY UNIT or CDU also in the cockpit and used as the main interface between the pilots and the INS system.

1.02:    “HJG INS PANELS.”

HJG offer a Delco Carousel INS as modelled by George Carty on the following panels…

    - B707-120B”1965”
    - B707-138B”1965”
    - B707-320
    - B707-320B "Early"
    - B707-320B/C "Adv"
    - B707-320B/C "1970"
    - B707-323C "AA config 1965"
    - B707-323C "AA config 1970"
    - B707-420
    - B720-020B "1965"
    - B707-700
    - E3-D "CFM engines"
    - B727-200 (All variations)
    - CV990 & CV990-A (INS)
    - DC-8-50 (INS)
    - DC-8-61 (INS)
    - DC-8-62/63 (INS)
    - DC-8-71 (INS)
    - DC-8-72/73 (INS)
    - DC-10 (All variations)
    - L1011 (All variations)

1.03:    “HJG MODELED COMPONENT FAMILIARIZATION.”

MSU

From left to right on the MSU we have:

Mode Selector Knob (MSK) which includes:

    -OFF. The unit is turned off.

    -STBY. Standby position. Used only during ground operations with the aircraft engines off and the handbrake on.

     Setting the MSK from OFF to STBY starts the warmup operation and starts the gyro wheels spinning.

     It also turns on the CDU so that you can begin inserting navigation information.

    -ALIGN. To move the MSK from STBY to ALIGN you need to hold the left mouse button down until the MSK moves.

     This takes a couple of seconds and is used to simulate pulling the MSK out and moving it over mechanical stops built into the real world MSU.
     The ALIGN position is once again only used during ground operations with the engines off and the handbrake on.

     Moving the MSK from STB to ALIGN starts the automatic INS alignment.
  

    -NAV. Once again, to move the MSK out of ALIGN and on to NAV, you need to hold the left mouse button down until the MSK moves.
     The NAV position is used for normal operations after the automatic alignment is complete.

    -ATT. The ATT position is only used to provide attitude information from the INS (not modelled).

     This position shuts down the CDU. Once the ATT position is selected the INS alignment is lost and can only be realigned on the ground.

READY NAV light. This will light up green when the INS has aligned.

BAT INS light. This will light up red if the INS unit has shutdown whilst operating on battery.

Fast Align Cheat Spot.

Clicking on the “cheat spot” allows you to align the INS in a matter of seconds instead of the usual 20-30 minutes.




CDU

The CDU consists of two DATA DISPLAY screens showing coordinates in a North/South and East/West fashion.

HOLD/RE-MOTE/INSERT keys

    -HOLD freezes data displayed on the screen in either    TK/GS, POS or WIND modes.
    -RE-MOTE used on aircraft with more than one INS unit (not modelled)
    -INSERT used to confirm and input data entered into the CDU.

ALRT/BAT/WARN lights

    -ALRT will light up two minutes before a waypoint is reached. Will automatically extinguish after waypoint is passed.
    -BAT will light during alignment when the INS is performing a battery test.
    -WARN light will illuminate when an error is detected. The most common error you will come across, will be if you start a flight in a different location from your previous one.

     The HJG INS stores its last latitude and longitude position even after you shut your flight sim down.

     When you start a new flight from a different location, the latitude and longitude data will be different to that saved, so you will get an error.

     To clear the WARN light, click on the center of the AUTO/MAN switch twice.

WAYPOINT SELECTOR

The WAYPOINT SELECTOR is a switch below the HOLD and RE-MOTE buttons.

Clicking on it changes its display incrementally between 0 and 9. It is used to select the waypoint you want to enter into the INS via the KEYBOARD.

FROM TO DISPLAY

The FROM TO display indicates the two waypoints that the INS is flying FROM TO.

When the airplane reaches the end of this navigation leg and as long as the AUTO/MAN switch is set to AUTO, the FROM TO display will update to show the next leg.

Pressing the WPT CHG button allows the numbers in the FROM TO display to be changed. This can allow you to fly directly to a later waypoint.

DATA SELECTOR SWITCH

The DATA SELECTOR switch is below the WAYPOINT SELECTOR and has eight positions for selecting data to be displayed on the DATA DISPLAY.

Three of these positions (POS, WPT and DSTRK/STS) also allow data to be loaded into the DATA DISPLAY and then inserted into the CDU memory.

The DATA SELECTOR switch has the following functions.

    -TK/GS: Ground Track in relation to True North and speed in knots.
    -HDG/DA: Current heading in relation to True North and Drift angle relative to the wind from 0-180 and left or right of the planes axis.
    -XTC/TKE: Cross track error in NM, Left or Right and Track Angle Error 0-180 Left or Right of the aircraft axis.
    -POS: The current coordinates of the aircraft.
    -WPT: The coordinates of the Waypoint selected in the WAYPOINT SELECTOR switch.
    -DIS/TIME: Distance in NM and Time in Minutes to the next Waypoint.
    -WIND: Wind direction in relation to True North and wind speed in knots.
    -DSTRK/STS: Desired Track Angle to the next waypoint and the Status Codes of the INS.

AUTO MAN/TEST SWITCH

The AUTO MAN switch is used to select either automatic or manual navigation leg switching.

In AUTO, the computer switches from one leg to the next whenever the waypoint in the TO side of the FROM TO display is reached.

In MAN, the pilot must initiate the switch to the next leg manually using the WPT CHG button.

The TEST switch is located by clicking the center of the AUTO MAN switch. This is used to test all of the INS lamps and displays. Click the test button twice to extinguish the WARN light.

KEYBOARD

The KEYBOARD is used to enter data into the CDU. It comprises of a numeric keypad with integrated North, East, South, West entry keys and a CLEAR button to clear your last entry.

The 2, 6, 8, and 4 keys have the letters N, E, S, and W on them respectively and are used to define North, East, South and West when entering latitude and longitude.

Nathan Ford

[Nathan Ford - HJG]

Flight Tutorial

2.00:    “DESCRIPTION.”

Our tutorial flight today follows a fictional Continental Airlines flight from LaGuardia Airport New York (KLGA)

to Washington Dulles Intl Washington DC (KIAD) and will take approximately one hour to complete.

2.01:    “SCENARIO.”

    -SIMULATOR The flight is flown using FS2004 but may work in FSX depending on the aircraft used.
    -SCENERY Default scenery for both KLGA and KIAD but if you have custom scenery installed, it won’t affect the tutorial.
    -WEATHER Use CLEAR SKIES in the WEATHER THEMES section. Don’t use real weather as it might change the runways used for your departure and arrival.
    -SEASON SPRING.
    -TIME 9:30 in the morning.
    -ATC None, don’t bother with using ATC for the tutorial as we will not be using it.
    -TRAFFIC Turn OFF all traffic to stop any conflicts during the tutorial.
    -AIRCRAFT The tutorial uses the Boeing 727-200 adv JT8D-9 with the 727-227adv Continental n4468n 1986 repaint, although any INS equipped aircraft capable of taking off on KLGA RW31 will suffice.

    -Altitude FL200 (20,000 feet)

    -LOCATION KLGA gate C10.

    Note: If using FSX, most of the INS equipped aircraft hosted by HJG are made for FS2004 only, but may be FSX portable.

2.02     “FLIGHTPLAN.”

The route flown is KLGA, PARKE, JETTZ, SARAA, LRP, JOANE, DELRO, BINNS, HYPER, MULRR. HOOSR ILS RW19C* KIAD

    *RW19C at KIAD using the Default scenery for FS2004 is an old layout of the airport and shows this runway as RW19R.

    -WAYPOINT INFORMATION

Note: Latitude and Longitude information is located underneath each Waypoint.

2.03:    “SETUP.”

Once the aircraft is on the ramp ensure the handbrake is on and click on the three Engine Fuel Cut-Off Levers to close the engines down.

    Note: This tutorial covers the use of the INS navigation system as fitted to some of the HJG panels and is not intended to be a tutorial on flying the aircraft.

    If you want more information on flying the HJG hosted 727 and panel, a full description by “Mark C” can be found on the HJG Support Forum.
    Click the following link for more information

    tonymadgehjg.proboards.com/thread/7819/b727-panels-installation-handling-notes

-Open the Overhead Panel and Left Mouse click the MSK to the OFF position.

This will turn the system off and reset the alignment on the CDU.

-Open the simulator’s Payload/Fuel settings and load 7,000 lbs of fuel in each tank. Return to the cockpit and Left Mouse click on STBY on the MSU.

-Confirm that the handbrake is on and press the WX INS button on the lower left hand side of the Main panel to bring up the CDU display.

2.04:    “INITIAL CDU SETUP.”

First up, we are going to run a display test on the CDU.

-Left Mouse click on the center of the AUTO MAN switch to confirm that all the displays and lamps illuminate.

I like to call this the “Eights and Illuminates” test. All displays showing Eights and lights Illuminate.

-Next we have to tell the CDU where we are. We do this by entering the aircrafts position.

-Press the default simulator command Shift Z to bring up the airplane coordinates.

-Set the WAYPOINT SELECTOR (under the HOLD RE-MOTE switch) to 0. 

    Note: 0 on the WAYPOINT SELECTOR is always the aircrafts current position.

-Move the DATA SELECTION SWITCH to POS.

    Note: You should always enter the lat/lon in the following format remembering to drop the last digit if it’s included in your flight plan.
    Latitude N/S ##*##.# (five numbers)
    Longitude W/E ###*##.# (six numbers)

Caution: If there is a 0 in front of the lat/lon. FS2004 doesn’t display it (as in the Longitude in our tutorial). You have to remember to include the 0 when entering the coordinates into the CDU yourself. This is a very common error when programming the CDU and you need to look out for it!

    -Enter the latitude by pressing the N key (number 2) and enter 40465. The display will read 40*46.5n
     Note: you don’t enter the last number in either lat or lon if it is included in the flight plan.
     Notice that as soon as you start to enter the latitude that the INSERT button illuminates.

    -Press the INSERT button once. Don’t worry if the CDU changes the last number.

    -Enter the longitude by pressing the W key (number 4) and enter 073523

     (remember not to include the last number if it’s on the flight plan) this will display as 073*52.3w

    -Press the INSERT button again.

     If you have done everything correctly, the INSERT button will no longer be illuminated.

    -If the WARN light becomes illuminated, Left mouse click the AUTO MAN switch Twice to clear the error.

    -Open the MSU and Left mouse click ALIGN.

    Remember to hold the mouse click until the MSK moves to simulate pulling the knob and moving it over the mechanical stops of the real unit.

    -Open the CDU and move the DATA SELECTION SWITCH to the DSTRK/STS position.
    -The right hand DATA DISPLAY will have two numbers. The first number, initially number 9 is the Precision Indicator or PI number.

     The second number is set to 5 and is the desired PI number. The PI number will slowly reduce to 0 as the CDU goes through

     its alignment process but when it gets to 5 you can move the MSU into the NAV position.

This all sounds pretty confusing, but all you need to know is, when the number reaches 55 you are fine to set the MSU to NAV.

Note: when the display says 85, the BAT light will illuminate.

This is normal and simulates the CDU running a battery test. It will turn off when the display drops to 75.

    -When the display reads 55 the green READY NAV light will illuminate on the MSU.

    -Left mouse click on NAV on the MSU. Remember to hold the mouse click until the MSK moves.

-Tip: Use the fast alignment cheat in the top left corner of the MSU if you don’t want to wait for the unit to align normally.

2.05:    “INSERTING WAYPOINTS.”

    -Note: You can start inserting waypoints during the ALIGN process if you want to save a bit of time.

    -Move the DATA SELECTION SWITCH to WPT

    -Move the WAYPOINT SELECTOR from 0 to 1 for the first waypoint.

    -From our flight plan enter the coordinates for PARKE in the same format as you entered the aircraft position earlier.

    -Press N (the number 2) and enter 40409

     (remember as before not to include the last digit if it’s on the flight plan). The display will read 40*40.9n

    -Press INSERT.

    -Press W (the number 4) and enter 075045 the display should read 075*04.5w

    -Press INSERT

    -Move the WAYPOINT SELECTOR from 1 to 2.

    -Enter the coordinates for Waypoint 2 (JETTZ) N 40395 [INSERT] W075227 [INSERT]

    -Move the WAYPOINT SELECTOR from 2 to 3

    -Keep entering the waypoints up to and including waypoint 9 MULRR.

    -Move the WAYPOINT SELECTOR back to 1 and go back through all 9 waypoints confirming that you haven’t made any mistakes.

    -The INS is now set for flight and you can carry on with the before start checklists.

Nathan Ford

[Nathan Ford - HJG]

3.00:    “DEPARTURE.”

    -Push back from the gate and start the engines. When configured for taxi, taxi to the threshold of Runway 31 and line up.

     Tip: if you move the DATA SELECTION SWITCH to TK/GS you can monitor your ground speed during the taxi.

    -When cleared for take-off, move the DATA SELECTION SWITCH to DIS/TIME.
    -Press the WPT CHG button and note that the numbers in the FROM TO display start to flash.
    -Using the KEYBOARD type 0 1 into the FROM TO display.
    -Press INSERT. You have now updated the INS to fly a leg from the aircrafts current position, at the threshold of RW31, to the Waypoint 1 (PARKE).

     Note: This is especially useful if you are flying a SID on the departure.

    -Set the Heading Bug to the runway heading and the Flight Director to HDG and 15 degrees nose up.

     Note: When using the INS, I always like to have HDG on the Flight Director as there is no way of displaying the INS track.

    -You are now cleared for take-off. Fly the runway heading and clean up the airplane (wheels, flaps and slats up).
    -Set climb power and turn on the Autopilot. Click on HDG SEL.
    -Use the Autopilot Pitch knob to accelerate the airplane to 250kts.
    -Fly past New York city (a great view on your left) and when you pass over the Potomac river you will need to do the following…

    -Ensure that the DATA SELECTOR switch is on DIS/TIME.
    -Press the WPT CHG button.
    -Enter 0 1 into the FROM TO display.
    -Press INSERT. This will create a Leg from the airplanes current position to waypoint 1 (PARKE) stored in the INS.

    -On the Autopilot, turn off HDG SEL and click on INS (far left of the auto pilot panel).
    -This will take the autopilot out of HDG mode and will start it tracking the first leg 0 to 1 programed into the INS.

     Note: The airplane may change direction a few times as it turns to intercept the INS leg but this should stabilise after a short while.

     Note: If you are too close to the end of the leg in the INS the autopilot may overshoot the waypoint then turn the aircraft in circles trying to get back to the way point. Because of this….

     ENSURE YOU ARE NOT TOO CLOSE TO YOUR FIRST WAYPOINT WHEN SELECTING INS ON THE AUTOPILOT!

    -The DATA DISPLAY screen on the left will be displaying the NM to the waypoint and the screen on the Right will be displaying the time to get there.

    -As the airplane has settles on course, move the Heading Bug to the airplane heading, this will flatten the Flight Director.

    -Moving the DATA SELECTOR switch to TK/GS will show you the airplane Ground Speed on the Right DATA DISPLAY screen.

4.00:    “EN ROUTE.”

    -When the airplane is 2 minutes from arriving at waypoint 1, the ALRT light will illuminate.
    -Select DIS/TIME on the DATA SELECTOR switch.
    -You will now be able to see the Distance in NM to the waypoint on the left side of the display and the Time to it on the right.

    -Confirm that the AUTO/MAN switch is set to AUTO.
     Note: If the AUTO/MAN switch is set to MAN, the INS won’t automatically change to the next leg of the flight plan and you will need to use the WPT CHG button to do it manually.

    -When you arrive at the first waypoint, you will hear an audible Bell sound. As long as the AUTO/MAN switch is set to AUTO four things will happen…

    

• First: The FROM TO display will change from 0 1 to 1 2 (instead of flying between waypoints 0 and 1 we are now flying between waypoints 1[PARKE] and 2[JETTZ])
  
• Second: The DATA DISPLAY screens will update to show Distance and Time to waypoint 2 (JETTZ).
• Third: If the Autopilot is set to INS the airplane will now fly the leg from waypoint 1 (PARKE) to waypoint 2 (JETTZ).
• Fourth: The ALRT light will turn off.

    -You should now move the Heading Bug to the new heading if it has changed.
Note: once again, the autopilot may take a little while to settle on the new heading.

    -The airplane will now continue on course to waypoint 2.
    -When the airplane is 2 minutes from arriving at waypoint 2 the ALRT light will illuminate again.
    -As you pass over waypoint 2 (JETTZ), you will once again get the audible Bell and everything will happen as it did when arriving at waypoint 1

     except this time, the INS will update to fly between waypoint 2 (JETTZ) and waypoint 3 (SARAA)

    -The airplane will now continue on to waypoint 3.

4.01:    “ADDING MORE WAYPOINTS.”

You may have noticed that the flight plan we are flying has 11 waypoints (including KIAD), but the INS will only allow us to store 9.

This means that have to replace redundant waypoints with the next ones in our flight plan.
Note: We only have 1-9 programmable waypoints inflight as 0 is always the airplanes current position.

    -As the airplane is now flying between waypoints 2 and 3, we are free to replace the data in waypoint 1 as we no longer need it.
Note: We can only update waypoints that are not displayed in the FROM TO window so even though we have reached and passed waypoint 2

we can’t update it yet as it is being used to establish the FROM coordinates on our current leg.

We are now going to replace waypoint 1 in the INS with waypoint 10 (HOOSR).

    -Move the WAYPOINT SELECTOR switch (under the HOLD and RE-MOTE buttons) to show waypoint 1.
    -Move the DATA SELECTION switch to WPT.
    -Enter the coordinates for HOOSR.
    -Press N (button 2) and then enter 39135 the data display will show 39*13.5n
    -Press INSERT.
    -Press W (button 4) and then enter 077273 the data display will show 072*27.3w
    -Press INSERT.

You have now replaced the coordinates for waypoint 1PARKE with waypoint 10 HOOSR.

Note: When the INS reaches waypoint 9 (MULRR) the FROM TO display will change from 8 9 to 9 1 meaning that the INS has created a leg

between waypoint 9 and the newly entered waypoint 1 HOOSR.

The INS will then go from 1 to 2, 2 to 3, 3 to 4 etc. allowing you to replace redundant waypoints as needed.

    -When the airplane flies over waypoint 3 (SARAA) and begins to fly the leg to waypoint 4 (LRP)

     we can replace the no longer required coordinates for JETTZ stored as waypoint 2.

    -Follow the same procedures as above for updating waypoint 1 except this time, we need to select the number 2 on the WAYPOINT SELECTOR switch.
    -Enter the coordinates for the airport KIAD as shown on the flight plan.

We now have all the coordinates required to complete our flight to our destination.

4.03:    "FLYING DIRECT TO"

As we approach waypoint 5 JOANE ATC calls and asks us to fly “direct to MULRR.”

MULRR is waypoint 9 on our flight plane.

    - Move the DATA SELECTION SWITCH to DIS/TIME.
    -Press the WPT CHG button.
    -Enter 0 (for our current position) and 9 (MULRR) into the FROM TO window.
    -Press INSERT.
The airplane will now fly directly from our current position to waypoint 9 (MULRR).

Tip: This method can be especially useful when flying a SID or STAR as ATC will often give you a direct to command during these procedures.

If ATC had called while we were flying to waypoint 5 (JOANE) and asked us to amend our flight plan to fly JOANE-MULRR direct”, we can also do that.

When we receive the flight plan change, we do the following.
    - Move the DATA SELECTION SWITCH to DIS/TIME.
    -Press the WPT CHG button.
    -Enter 5 (JOANE) and 9 (MULRR) into the FROM TO window.
    -Press INSERT.
The airplane will continue direct to waypoint 5 (JOANE), it will then fly directly to waypoint 9 (MULRR).

5.00    “LANDING.”

If you have followed everything correctly, the INS has been programed to fly to all the way to HOOSR which will set us up for our ILS RW19C (RW19R default FS2004)

    -Set NAV 1 to 111.3 for the Localizer (ILS).
    -Set NAV 2 to 113.5 for the AML VOR for the Go Around if required.
    -Descend to 5000 feet before arriving at HOOSR.
    -When passing HOOSR change the autopilot to NAV LOC and the flight director to VOR LOC.

    -When the Glide Path needle is just above centre…
    - Set AUTO GS on the autopilot and AUTO APP on the flight director.
    -Make sure that the airplane is configure for landing by 10nm from touchdown.
    -At 1000 ft. above the ground turn the autopilot off and hand fly the rest of the approach.

Welcome to KIAD Washington Dulles Intl Airport .Washington DC.

You can now taxi to the terminal and shut down.

Congratulations, you have completed your first flight navigating via the…

Delco Carousel IV-A INS

A BIG thank you to George Carty for all of your amazing skills and passion in bringing us this wonderful simulation. 

Nathan Ford

[Nathan Ford - HJG]

Frequently Asked Questions

Q:     “Nothing works on the INS?”
A:      Make sure that you have the latest version of FSUIPC installed in your sim.
         You can download it from here…  www.fsuipc.com/

Q:     “The red warn light won’t go off after entering the airplane location?”
A:      Click the centre of the AUTO MAN switch twice.

Q:     “The Mode Selector Knob won’t move onto the ALIGN position?”

A:      Hold the left mouse click on the Mode Selector Knob until it moves.

         This takes a couple of seconds and simulates moving the Mode Selector Knob over mechanical stops built into the real world unit.

Q:     “The Mode Selector Knob won’t move out of the ALIGN position?”
A:      Once again, hold the left mouse click on the Mode Selector Knob until it moves.

Q:     “The Performance Indicator number doesn’t seem to be changing from 95?”

A:      The PI can take up to half an hour to reach 55.

         If you don’t have time to wait, press the “cheat spot” on the top right corner of the Mode Selector Unit.

Q:     “How do I turn the BAT light off on the CDU during the alignment?”

A:      You can’t, the BAT light will turn off when the Performance Indicator changes from 85 to 75.

         The light is on as the INS is simulating running a battery test.

Q:     “The CDU won’t let me add a waypoint into the 0 position on the WAYPOINT SELECTOR switch?”

A:      Position 0 on the WAYPOINT SELECTOR switch is used for the airplane current position only.

         The only time you can change the data in position 0 is when you are parked at the gate with the engines off,

         the handbrake on and the Mode Selector Knob on STBY.

Q:     “I enter 0 1 using WPT CHG into the FROM TO window but the airplane doesn’t change course?”
A:      Make sure you have done the following:

            -Put the DATA SELECTION switch on DIS/TIME before you press WPT CHG and enter 0 1 into the FROM TO display.

             The DATA SELECTION switch must be on DIS/TIME to use WPT CHG.

            -Pressed INSERT after you enter 0 1 into the FROM TO display.
            -Confirm Auto Pilot is on and set to INS.
            -Confirm that waypoint 1 isn’t directly in front of you.

Q:     “The airplane flew over a waypoint but didn’t change course to the next waypoint?”
A:      Make sure that the AUTO MAN switch is set to AUTO not MAN.

Q:     “Where can I find more help on the HJG INS?”

A:     Any Questions about the Historic Jetliners Group INS can be left on this forum.

Nathan Ford

[Nathan Ford - HJG]

HJG INS? CIVA INS comparison TBA

[Reserved]

[mzoe]

Thank you Nathan for this informative and complete tutorial how to operate the INS!

Sure it will helps a lot to provide some more fun flying the varios HJG INS equipped Panels.

Cheers

Michael

[Klaus Hullermann]

I can only agree with Michael: Great illustrated and written tutorial about the HJG-INS.

Klaus

[Benoit - HJG]

What a great tutorial Nathan, I concur with Michael and Klaus, this is very helpful indeed.

Benoit

[Falcon]

Nathan, you are awesome.
Did you fly INS at one time?
I did and this is better instructions than we had back then. Alot of trial and error was used by our crew. lol
Falcon

[Herman]

An amazing and detailed presentation. Thank you.

Herman

[Nathan Ford - HJG]

Thank you everyone for your kind words, I would be very interested if anyone doesn’t use the INS at the moment and wants to give the tutorial a try. Would be great to get feedback on anything that needs to be clearer.

Thanks again everyone and stay safe during this crazy time,

Nathan

[Thales Coelho]

I´m a HJG INS user since about 2008? I found a navigation book from VARIG at my aviation university and learned how to use the INS! Then I started to fly the 707s all around!

Thank you for your well done tuturial! Great work!

[electra]

That is a great step by step tutorial with plenty of photos!  A lot of work!

I found this the other night on YouTube, a HJG video tutorial on the INS.  Between this video and your tutorial, there is no longer any excuse for getting lost!

Guess we get to hear what Mark sounds like - can't hide that Kiwi accent in the video!

Mike

[aerofoto - HJG Admin]

NAH .... that's not a "continental NZ/Kiwi" accent .... since we NZ'ers (in the opinion of international linguists) simply don't have any accent at all.

What you hear there (within that video .... and which is also available/stickied into place within the "VIDEOS" section of this forum) is our guy from the "West Island of NZ" .... otherwise better known as "Austraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaarlya" .... or Nathan in particular and whom is the author of both tutorials

The "Austraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaarlyan" accent should give him away

Mark C
AKL/NZ

[Nathan Ford - HJG]

😂😂😂
.